Unloading PRB coal cars with a Dravo rotary dumper
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As a result, the crack of saturated coal samples cannot keep stationary in the initial stage of loading and unloading and it slips throughout the loading and unloading process. A large number of macrotensile cracks appeared in the failed coal samples with pore water, as the pore pressure provides tensile force to the cracks and promotes the ...
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CAMTECH and RDSO to identify equipments which could be used for unloading coal ... During the process wagons are getting damaged due to following action of the ... Loading/unloading machines can be divided on the basis of dumping height and type of bucket. The equipment with a dumping height of about feet are called Dumpers or
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To study the weakening process, deformation, and failure characteristics of rock masses surrounding deep chambers under complex stress environments, triaxial loading tests along with triaxial loading/unloading followed by uniaxial loading tests were conducted on sandstone specimens. The internal microcracks of the specimens under the loading and unloading of triaxial confining pressure were ...
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During the loading/unloading process, the gas pressure in the coal sample is maintained constant through the ingenious structure design of the system. As shown in Fig. 2 b, the constantvolume chamber is connected to the sample by a gas tube, and the constantvolume pistons are connected to the axial indenter.
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Both coal mining and tunnel excavation exhibit significant unloading effects, with the process of confining pressure unloading causing damage to coal, thereby affecting coal impact characteristics and gas outburst characteristics. 1820 Based on their investigation, Ding et al. 21 performed a stability assessment study of deep mine dynamic ...
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Cyclic Loading and Unloading Process. Based on the results of AE filtering experimental results, the loading process for the ultrasonic test experiments carried out in this study is as follows: measure the ultrasonic wave parameters before the process of loading, load up to kN and maintain the force for 34 minutes; load up to kN and maintain the force for 34 minutes; unload up ...
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The D s characterizes the effect of a single loadingunloading cycle on a coal body permeability transformation. During the stress unloading process, the pore spaces in a coal body expand after it is unloaded from the highstress environment. The original fractures in a coal sample reopen during the effective stress reduction.
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The process of loading and unloading can involve heavy equipment, moving machinery, and manual labor, which increases the risk of accidents and injuries. It is crucial to provide comprehensive training, enforce safety protocols, and use proper personal protective equipment to minimize these risks. 2. Damage to cargo and vessel.
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To study the anisotropic mechanical properties and energy evolution of layered rock masses under the action of cyclic loading, uniaxial graded cyclic loading and unloading tests under different upper and lower stress limits were carried out on samples with different bedding angles (0°, °, 45°, °, and 90°) to explore the deformation and mechanical response characteristics of bedded ...
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Given the roadway deformation and surrounding rock control in the process of thin coal seam mining, the coalrock combination with inclination angles for 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° was designed. The rock mechanic test machine was used to conduct a uniaxial compression test and a graded loading and unloading test on the coalrock combination; the failure characteristics of the two were ...
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A scheme of the uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests is shown in Fig. 2b. The test process used the displacement control method, and the loading and unloading rate was mm/min, with 6 ...
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Ship Cargo Handling, Loading, Unloading: A commercial ship is usually a link in a "trade route" between distant points. Goods flowing in the route must be transferred to and from the sea link; they must also be given care while aboard the ship, and in turn they must not be a hazard to the ship and its crew. Ancient cargo handling consisted almost exclusively of manually carrying cargo in ...
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Experimental Device. The "gascontaining coal thermalfluidsolid coupling threeaxis servo seepage system" developed by Chongqing University (Fig. 2) was used to study the effect of variable confining pressure unloading rate on coal deformation and permeability characteristics during the alternate loading and unloading device has a maximum axial force of 1000 kN, a ...
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Fig. 3 presents the influences of gas pressure on coal permeability during gas loadingunloading processes at temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C, respectively. In the loading process, the coal permeability decreases gradually. As the pore pressure rises from MPa to MPa, the coal permeability decreases rapidly.
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True triaxial loadingunloading tests of coal samples were performed using a multifunctional true triaxial fluidsolid coupling experimental system. The deformation, seepage, damage, strength, and failure characteristics of the coal samples were analyzed. Based on this, the variation mechanism of the permeability and yield conditions under different gas pressures was investigated, and the ...
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Coal failure is often the precursor of dynamic disaster. The energy evolution behaviour at different stress values was analysed under the gradation of equal amplitude cyclic loading/unloading. Based on the energy dissipation behaviour, the energy evolution model of the coal specimen was established. The multiparameter energy behaviour predicting model was proposed.
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In this paper, the alternate loading and unloading by stages tests of raw coal samples were carried out by using the "Triaxial seepage test device of thermal fluid solid of coal and rock", the conclusions are as follows: The axial strain change rate ε 1 ′, the radial strain change rate ε 3 ′ and the permeability change rate k′ under unit stress state are used to represent the ...
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For example, in the loading and unloading process, much elastic energy accumulates in the coal and rock mass with increasing elastic deformation. Under unloading, elastic energy is released. In the test process, the total energy density and elastic energy density of the coal mass can be expressed as Formulas ( 2 ) and ( 3 ).
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During the deformation process of coal under the combined highstatic confining pressure and axial disturbance loads, we found that the final instability failure of coal specimens, subjected to disturbance load, were more likely to occur in the disturbance loading and unloading stage, such as specimen SB1, and SD1.
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Scholars have examined the mechanical 22,23, the damage 24,25, and the energy characteristics 26,27 of coal under cyclic loading and unloading. In the process of cyclic loading, some scholars ...
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To further validate and promote the proposed damage constitutive model, the loadingunloading process of coal material is also simulated. Because energy is continuously transformed during loading, in the loadingunloading process, the damage variable is also defined by energy dissipation.
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Compared with the loading approaches mentioned above, the cyclic loadingunloading testament is an effective approach in revealing the mechanical response of coal and rock under repeated disturbance of excavation, 47, 50, 51 through parameters, such as peak strength, elastic modulus, and energy dissipation features. 33, 47, 48, 52 Though many ...
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