The Bayer Process is the dominant industrial method to produce alumina from bauxite ore. Due to the generation of large amounts of Bauxite Residue (red mud), an alternative method, called the Pedersen Process, is of our interest. This process makes use of a combination of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques in order to prevent the Bauxite Residue generation. In the conventional ...
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Jiannan Pei et al. (2021) proposed a recovering alkali process of lowcalcium sintered bauxite residue, and the final slag obtained contains % Na 2 O. However, bauxite residue treatment by sintering has the defects of high energy consumption and expensive cost, so it has not been used on a large scale. Guozhi Lu et al. (2019) studied the ...
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Bauxite residue is treated for the recovery of aluminum and sodium by sintering with the addition of soda, metallurgical coke and other reagents such as CaO, MgO and BaO. A thorough thermodynamic analysis using Factsage ™ software was completed together with XRD mineralogy of sinters with different fluxes and reagents additions. Through both thermodynamic interpretation and mineralogical ...
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The Pedersen process is an alternative process for the production of alumina. Initially, bauxite ores, or other aluminous materials, are smelted with lime to produce pig iron and a slag of mainly calcium aluminate composition. The latter is subsequently leached in Na 2 CO 3 solutions to extract alumina hydrate.
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The obtained results indicate that the above process technique is an unique method for the preparation of nano alumina (Al2O 3) from natural source such as bauxite. View Show abstract
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Of all Bayer process impurities, few attract more attention than the simplest dicarboxylate. While some oxalate enters the Bayer process with bauxite as oxalic acid adsorbed on various minerals, the majority is created by the oxidation and pyrolysis of bauxite organics under Bayer digestion conditions. The rate of its formation in digestion is ...
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Bauxite residue is a strongly alkaline solid waste which is generated by the alumina refining sector. This waste stream may represent a high risk to the surrounding environment during the storage process (Jiang et al. 2022; Wu et al. 2020).Consequently, there have been several investigations of methods relating to for the safe disposal of bauxite residue.
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Bauxite containing less than 50% Al 2 O 3 is called lowgrade bauxite ore, which is generally used for the production of aluminum appliances such as abrasives, ceramics, and refractories . The presence of impurities, including silica, iron oxides, and calcium contribute to the bauxite being classified as a lowgrade ore.
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In this study, bauxite residue was directly leached using the Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1ethyl3methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate. Stirring rate, retention time, temperature, and pulp density have been studied in detail as the parameters that affect the leaching process. Their optimized combination has shown high recovery yields of Sc, nearly 80%, and Ti (90%), almost total dissolution ...
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Abstract Bauxite residue (red mud—RM), a byproduct of the Bayer process for refining bauxite to alumina, is highly alkaline (pH ∼ 13) and its treatment and storage poses unique waste management challenges. In this work, the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of Jamaican RM from a storage facility in Sherwin, Texas, was measured, and the solid and aqueous phase contributions to the ANC were ...
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The optimized process conditions were the bauxite/anthracite/slaked lime weight ratio of 100::, reduction temperature of 1450°C and reduction time of ... smelting process was used to recover iron and calcium aluminate slag from highferrous bauxite. The reduction reaction mechanism is expressed by the following equations
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Aluminium ore bauxite can be found in a variety of applications. As calcined bauxite, this raw material is a central raw material in the refractory industry thanks to its highly refractory properties. This versatile mineral is also in demand in steel production as slag conditioner, in the production of refractory aluminium oxide cement, in road construction, in mineral wool production and as ...
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Abstract The recovery of major components of bauxite residue by carbothermic reduction at °C and subsequent slag leaching in a Na3CO3(aq) solution is studied. Iron recovers primarily to pigiron and lime is added to tune the calcium aluminate slags towards the highly leachable mayenite phase. The concentration of aluminum in the leachate correlates well with the occurrence of ...
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This breakthrough has broadened the available bauxite reserves and effectively mitigated the harmful effects of SiO 2 during the Bayer leaching process while minimizing bauxite residue emissions. Calciumsilica slag (CSS) emerges as a solid residue generated during the chemical predesilication of medium and lowgrade bauxite.
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In this process, bauxite is smelted and reduced, which yields pig iron and a calcium aluminate slag. Alumina is further produced from the slag through a hydrometallurgical process.
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The calcium ions enhance the ability of alkaline minerals to trap dissolved organic carbon, and the work highlighted the significance of organomineral associations in the microscopic mineral structure for the organic carbon sequestration in the revegetation process of bauxite residue disposal areas.
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Overall, the bauxitebased defluoridation process described here offers a method that is potentially (1) effective at remediating fluoride contaminated groundwater, (2) affordable to impoverished s, (3) easy to operate and maintain without skilled labor, (4) culturally appropriate, and (5) widely available in fluorideaffected regions w...
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This study investigates the properties of H2reduced calciumadded bauxite residue, selfhardened pellets, and the feasibility of iron recovery through electrostatic and magnetic separation methods. The oxide pellets are prepared via a mixing of bauxite residue, calcite, and quicklime. The selfhardened pellets are reduced at 1000 °C with hydrogen gas flow for 120 min.
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The Pedersen process is a method to produce alumina from Alcontaining sources, and it is a more materialefficient method than the current commercial Bayer process, since the formation of bauxite ...
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A calcium aluminate (CA) slag of modelled composition, originating from the reductive smelting of Greek bauxite residue (BR) from the Aluminium of Greece facility, was hydrometallurgically treated ...
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Sintered calcium aluminate is produced by sintering of high purity alumina and low silica limestone. Fused calcium aluminate is produced by melting of high grade bauxite and low silica limestone and then solidifying and crushing the molten material. In both the process of manufacturing selection of raw materials is an important aspect.
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The solution is clarified by filtering off the solid impurities, commonly with a rotary sand trap and with the aid of a flocculant such as starch, to remove the fine particles. The undissolved waste after the aluminium compounds are extracted, bauxite tailings, contains iron oxides, silica, calcia, titania and some unreacted alumina.
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He achieved this by using bauxite and lime as raw materials, and burning them together in a cupola furnace. Published by Rankin and Wright in 1915, the limealumina phase diagram demonstrates the presence of five calcium aluminate compounds—CA, CA 2, C 3 A, CA 6, and C1 2 A 7 .
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Calcium was introduced to bauxite residue to form leachable calcium aluminate phases with the existing alumina in bauxite residue. This involved the addition of either CaCO 3 or a mixture of CaO ...
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Bauxite is the principal ore of aluminum. The first step in producing aluminum is to crush the bauxite and purify it using the Bayer Process. In the Bayer Process, the bauxite is washed in a hot solution of sodium hydroxide, which leaches aluminum from the bauxite. The aluminum is precipitated out of solution in the form of aluminum hydroxide ...
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Bauxite reaction residue (BRR) produced from the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant industry is a solid acidic waste that is harmful to environment. A low temperature synthesis route to convert the waste into water glass was reported. Silica dissolution process was systematically studied, including the thermodynamic analysis and the influence of calcium and aluminum on the leaching of ...
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To minimize the carbon footprint in the industrial valourization of bauxite residue, hydrogen was used as a reducing agent. The current study experimentally investigated hydrogen reduction of bauxite residueCaO sintered and selfhardened pellets at 1000 °C, along with magnetic separation of these reduced pellets for iron recovery. Calcium was introduced to bauxite residue to form leachable ...
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The Utilization of Bauxite Residue with a CalciteRich Bauxite Ore in the Pedersen Process for Iron and Alumina Extraction Original Research Article Open access Published: 08 March 2021 52, ( 2021 ) Download PDF You have full access to this open access article Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript
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The beneficiation process of bauxite (Alore) generates over 10 mi tons of waste clay disposed of in tailing ponds. The purpose of this work was to test this material to produce CSAbased cements. Raw mixtures with the clay were formulated to maximize ye'elimite contents in the clinkers. A CSAbelite clinker composed of 46% of ye'elimite ...
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[Show full abstract] process conditions were the bauxite/anthracite/slaked lime weight ratio of 100::, reduction temperature of 1450°C and reduction time of 20 min. Under these ...
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